持续一年的新冠疫情对全球的经济造成了巨大破坏, 为了有效控制新冠疫情, 快速检测新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是一个急需解决的问题。 新冠病毒的刺突蛋白(spikeprotein)是拉曼光谱技术检测新冠病毒的检测点, 构建刺突蛋白拉曼特征峰模型对于发展拉曼检测技术快速检测新冠病毒具有重要作用。 基于简化的激子模型, 利用深度神经网络技术, 构建了刺突蛋白的酰胺Ⅰ、 Ⅲ特征峰模型, 并结合已知可以感染人类的七种冠状病毒(HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2)刺突蛋白的实验结构, 分析了七种冠状病毒刺突蛋白酰胺Ⅰ、 Ⅲ特征峰的区别。 计算结果表明, 七种冠状病毒可以根据毒刺突蛋白的酰胺Ⅰ、 Ⅲ特征峰划分为四个组: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV形成一个组; HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63形成一个组; HCoV-229E和HCoV-OC43各自独立形成一个组。 相同组的冠状病毒刺突蛋白酰胺Ⅰ、 Ⅲ峰频率较为接近, 通过酰胺Ⅰ、 Ⅲ峰的频率较难区分刺突蛋白; 不同组的冠状病毒刺突蛋白酰胺Ⅰ、 Ⅲ特征峰差异较大, 刺突蛋白可以通过拉曼技术区分开来。 该结果为发展拉曼检测技术快速检测新冠病毒提供了定性判断的理论依据。

表面增强拉曼光谱技术因其高灵敏度、操作简单、快速检测等优点，被广泛用于病毒检测方面。国内外的病毒拉曼检测研究主要集中在检测病毒核酸以及组成核酸的各种碱基的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)，但少见对病毒蛋白的SERS检测。以新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的S蛋白为检测对象，采用无标记SERS检测方法，对比SARS-CoV-2固态、饱和液态S蛋白的普通拉曼光谱和选用40 nm金纳米粒子为基底的SARS-CoV-2低浓度S蛋白SERS光谱。结果表明，以40 nm金纳米粒子为基底，采用SERS技术检测SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白是完全可行的。SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白分子中的羧基与金纳米粒子发生了分子增强，氨基与金纳米粒子发生了电磁增强，从而使得SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白拉曼效应得到了增强，并使得峰位发生一定移动。实验获得了较好的SARS-CoV-2低浓度S蛋白SERS光谱，为建立敏感、特异、快速的SARS-CoV-2检测新技术提供了一种方法。

开发具有高灵敏度、高准确性的新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）快速检测技术对疫情防控具有重要作用。本文利用表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）技术对人体唾液中的痕量SARS-CoV-2病毒刺突蛋白（S蛋白）进行了检测。结果表明，含S蛋白的唾液样本与原始唾液样本的拉曼光谱具有显著区别，含S蛋白的唾液样本谱图中可清晰观察到属于S蛋白的拉曼谱线。该结果为后续SERS技术在SARS-CoV-2病毒快速检测方面的应用奠定了坚实基础。

Astrophysical collisionless shocks are amazing phenomena in space and astrophysical plasmas, where supersonic flows generate electromagnetic fields through instabilities and particles can be accelerated to high energy cosmic rays. Until now, understanding these micro-processes is still a challenge despite rich astrophysical observation data have been obtained. Laboratory astrophysics, a new route to study the astrophysics, allows us to investigate them at similar extreme physical conditions in laboratory. Here we will review the recent progress of the collisionless shock experiments performed at SG-II laser facility in China. The evolution of the electrostatic shocks and Weibel-type/filamentation instabilities are observed. Inspired by the configurations of the counter-streaming plasma flows, we also carry out a novel plasma collider to generate energetic neutrons relevant to the astrophysical nuclear reactions.

As the basic conditions for laser inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research, the targets are required to be well specified and elaborately fabricated. Because of the characteristics of the targets, the research and fabrication process is a systematically tough task, which needs fundamental and deep insights into film deposition, mechanical machining, precise measurement and assembly, etc. As a result, knowledge of material science, physics, mechanical as well as electronics is a necessity for target researchers. In this paper, we give introductions to the state of art on target fabrication for ICF research at Research Center of Laser Fusion (RCLF) in China.

The designs of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets, which field on ShenGuang III, are becoming more complex and more stringent in terms of assembly precision. A key specification of these targets is the spatial angle alignment accuracy. To meet these needs, we present a new spatial angle assembly method, using target part’s 3D model-based dual orthogonal camera vision, which is better suited for the flexible automation of target assembly processes. The two-hands structure micromanipulate system and dual orthogonal structure visual feedback system were investigated by considering the kinematics, spatial angle measuring, and motion control in an integrated way. In this paper, we discuss the measurement accuracy of spatial angle assembly method, which compared the real-time image acquisition with the redrawing 2D projection. The result shows that the assembly method proposed is very effective and meets the requirements of angle assembly accuracy, which is less than $1^{\circ }$. Also, this work is expected to contribute greatly to the advancement of other target microassembly equipments.